National Security Education Program, Boren Fellowships
For graduate students studying world regions and languages critical to US interests (excluding Western Europe, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand).
http://www.borenawards.org/boren_fellowship

Rotary Ambassadorial Scholarships
For students spending one or more academic year abroad or studying a foreign language and culture abroad for three to six months.
http://www.rotary.org/en/StudentsAndYouth/EducationalPrograms/AmbassadorialScholarships/Pages/About.aspx

Global Studies Foundation Grants
For students studying abroad through an accredited university program.
http://www.globalstudiesfoundation.org/ShowContents.cfm?CategoryID=64

Christianson Grant
For students on short- or long-term programs that emphasize a work or volunteer experience abroad.
http://www.interexchange.org/grants/details.html

Study Abroad Loans
Private loans for study abroad programs. 
http://www.studyabroadloans.com/index.php?refer=saftopad

American Association of University Women
Fellowships and grants. 
http://www.aauw.org/education/fga/fellowships_grants/index.cfm

DAAD
Scholarships for study in Germany
http://www.daad.org/?p=46362

U.S. Fulbright Student Grants
For students who will hold a BA/BS at the time of the grant period and wish to conduct research, study, or teach abroad for a period of 9-12 months.
http://us.fulbrightonline.org/thinking.html

The Institute for Turkish Studies
Graduate grants for study in Turkey 
http://www.turkishstudies.org/index.php?s=grants_about

Organization of American States
For full academic year (renewable for second year). 
http://www.educoas.org/portal/en/oasbecas/about.aspx?culture=en&navid=44

U.S. Department of State – Critical Language Scholarship
  All disciplines eligible.
  https://clscholarship.org/home.php

Blakemore Freeman Fellowships for Advanced Asian Language Study
http://www.blakemorefoundation.org/language.htm

Search engines for additional study abroad funding sources

IIE Passport
http://www.studyabroadfunding.org/

StudyAbroad.com
http://www.studyabroad.com/forum/financial_aid.html

GoAbroad.com
http://scholarships.goabroad.com/index.cfm

International Scholarships.com
http://www.internationalscholarships.com/

These search engines are useful for finding resources and funding for specific locations and disciplines. You may want to try using general search engines (like Google) to find other sources – try looking for small organizations in your home town or pertaining to your gender, race, or religion.